Volume 1: Student Life Chapter 463 The second paper!
Professor Friedman has not been in a very good mood recently.
Even though it was just after Christmas.
Because the colloid experiment project he was in charge of was under pressure from SLAC.
After a long period of investment, no corresponding results were obtained.
The U.S. Department of Energy and Stanford University are both considering the necessity of this topic.
After all, today's SLAC is not the same SLAC as before.
In addition, SLAC researchers had already processed all the experimental data from the previous glue ball experiment before Christmas.
Now waiting for the next experimental plan.
On the one hand, there is pressure from outside, and on the other hand, there is internal time constraints.
Friedman had to weigh the connection between the two carefully.
And we must ensure that in the next experiment, even if we cannot actually find the glue ball, at least something will come out.
Otherwise, the funding for his project would be at risk.
But there was no news about Chen Zhou and Cross, the two people he had high hopes for.
This made him feel even more headache.
It's like someone who expects to bring about change but never brings what he wants.
However, the originally routine actions never stopped and always moved forward.
The people who were supervising this action urged them to move forward quickly.
This kind of waiting is the most difficult and frightening.
Moreover, Friedman could occasionally hear Cross complain.
Finally, Friedman set himself a deadline—New Year’s Day.
After New Year's Day, he will fly to SLAC.
The next experimental plan will be arranged based on the researchers' data processing results.
This was also the deadline he gave to Chen Zhou.
As for why he never looked for Chen Zhou.
This is to provide Chen Zhou with an absolutely stable research environment.
He believed that smart people never needed to be urged by others.
On New Year's Day, Friedman spent the first day of 2017 as usual.
But no one knows what he is thinking today.
It was not until after dinner that Friedman returned to his study.
The suppressed emotions finally turned into a heavy sigh: "Alas..."
After sitting at the desk for a while, Friedman slowly took out his mobile phone and planned to ask Matheson to book a plane ticket for him.
Just at this moment, a message notification flashed on the computer on his desk.
Friedman subconsciously stopped his hand from making a call and looked at the message notification flashing on the computer very seriously.
This is an email alert and the sender's name is not visible.
Friedman thought about it and put his phone aside. He reached out, grabbed the mouse, and slid it slowly.
The mouse cursor landed on this email reminder.
Friedman clicked the left mouse button briefly.
Friedman's email was always logged in.
The page on the computer jumped to Friedman's email inbox.
Friedman took a closer look, and after a moment of surprise, a smile instantly appeared on his face.
The hand that used to move the mouse slowly seemed to become younger all of a sudden.
Slide the mouse and click the left button to enter the email sent by Chen Zhou.
The title of this email is - Research on the topic of Glue Ball Experiment.
The content of the email is: Professor Friedman, I have completed the research on the colloid ball experiment. The attachment is the first draft of the paper. Please help me review it.
After reading this sentence, Friedman felt that all his previous worries had disappeared.
The smile on his face became more intense.
Without the slightest hesitation, Friedman downloaded the identical file that Cross had complained about being so small.
After the file was downloaded, Professor Friedman began to review it very carefully.
He hoped that Chen Zhou could meet his expectations, rather than just following the procedures step by step like the researchers at SLAC.
It’s not that following the steps is bad, it’s just that you can’t find the rubber ball if you follow the steps.
Otherwise, Friedman would not be under so much pressure.
Although it sounds like it is extremely unreliable to pin your hopes on a "newcomer" in the physics world who is "unsociable" and even dares to leave Professor Cross, a veteran SLAC employee, aside.
But that’s what Friedman did.
And now I am reaping the rewards of my own expectations.
Friedman just kept looking at Chen Zhou's first draft of the paper.
There were also several pages of verification formulas on the notebook beside me.
Friedman buried himself in the first draft of the paper on the computer with an extremely immersed, enjoyable and research-oriented attitude.
To the extent that, he didn't even hear his wife calling him to go to bed early.
This also surprised Friedman's wife, who is also a physics professor.
Because Friedman has not stayed up all night for many years since he got old.
The daily routine is very regular.
Even if she had a question and wanted to discuss it with the husband of this Nobel Prize winner in physics, he would say that they should discuss it early the next morning for fear of disturbing his rest.
But today, what happened?
The wife quietly walked behind Friedman. She wanted to know what Friedman was looking at and why he was so fascinated by it.
He didn't even notice that I was walking behind him.
"Is this... a rubber ball?" The wife frowned slightly, very confused.
The Glueball Experiment is a particle physics topic that Friedman has been committed to studying.
But there has never been a time like today?
While feeling puzzled, his wife stood behind Friedman and read with him the first draft of the paper sent by Chen Zhou.
Time gradually came to midnight.
Friedman had already filled in more content in the notebook next to him.
His wife also moved a stool and came over to help him organize the contents of the paper.
Both of them were shocked by the research results of this paper.
Although Friedman's wife was not an expert in particle physics.
But from the husband's serious attitude and the formulas and calculations piled up in the notebook.
She already knew the importance of this paper.
What surprised her even more was that Friedman told her that the paper was written by a graduate student he had just taught.
She wondered what kind of graduate student could write such a paper?
"It not only combines the advantages of particle detectors, but also improves the methods of particle detection..."
"If he follows this pattern to look for other unknown particles, or the new physics that physicists are dreaming of, will he find them?"
These two extremely shocking words popped up in Friedman's wife's mind for no reason.
At around one o'clock in the morning, Friedman turned his head slightly and asked his wife to go to bed first with concern, and he would be there soon.
Because he found that even if he stayed up all night, he would not be able to complete the verification, or review, of the paper.
It would take him at least two days to complete the review of this paper.
So screw SLAC.
Once I have verified the contents of this paper, the next experimental plan will not be to discover something.
That would have to be a historic moment in the discovery of the gumball!
Friedman also felt a little fortunate, fortunate that he chose Chen Zhou and fortunate that he met Chen Zhou.
Similar to Friedman, but different, is Cross.
Cross thought that Chen Zhou wanted him to help, but he didn't expect that he would end up reviewing Chen Zhou's research results.
But the research results of Chen Zhou's paper are so shocking.
If you use this paper as a guide, you will eventually find the glue ball.
Then Chen Zhou's paper is a quasi-Nobel Prize-level paper!
Of course, even if we ignore this glorious honor that only exists in theory, let’s just talk about the paper in front of us.
This also made Kroos very helpless and very disappointed.
Originally, I thought that by tying Chen Zhou and myself together, Friedman was giving me a chance to show my abilities .
However, I didn't expect that I didn't do anything except occasional email exchanges, but the other party came up with the research results on their own.
This also means that Chen Zhou doesn't need me at all...
Now that the research paper is out, I have missed the research work at SLAC...
Cross felt mixed emotions.
However, he also knew that it was useless to think more.
Now that the facts were before him, he could only grab the last bit and help Chen Zhou correct possible problems in the paper.
At the same time, we will try our best to verify the innovations in the theoretical content of the colloid ball experiment involved in this paper, as well as the new methods and technologies in experimental detection.
Unlike Friedman, Cross immersed himself in the first draft of Chen Zhou's paper and began the ascetic mode that is necessary for scholars.
I endured the whole night.
Finally, the day after New Year’s Day.
That is January 3rd.
He has completed the review of Chen Zhou's paper.
I also marked possible problems and attached my own opinions.
Then, he opened his mailbox and sent the entire package back to Chen Zhou.
Although the paper document sent by Chen Zhou was not very large.
But the compressed file package that Cross sent back was not small at all.
He listed in detail all the literature he had consulted, his own notes, his understanding, the things he didn't understand, and so on.
Of course, he didn't intend to communicate with Chen Zhou via email.
He planned to go to MIT to look for Chen Zhou immediately after having a good rest.
After doing all this, Cross finally fell asleep on the bed.
The body of middle-aged people cannot handle staying up late to some extent.
In addition to Friedman and Cross who carefully studied Chen Zhou's paper, Chen Zhou's first draft paper posted on the preprint website e-Print arXiv also attracted the curiosity of many people.
However, unlike Friedman and Cross, most physicists did not take Chen Zhou's paper seriously.
Only a very small number of big names in the field of physics carefully read Chen Zhou's paper because of Chen Zhou and Friedman.
However, because a lot of content is missing in the preprint, many theories and techniques seem a bit confusing.
Therefore, Chen Zhou's paper is more regarded as a good "blessing" from the "newcomers" in the physics community.
Therefore, even though Chen Zhou is known as a mathematical genius, he did not make much splash in the physics community through a preprint of his paper.
Chen Zhou didn't care about this.
Even after uploading the preprint, he didn't pay any attention to it again.
At this time, he was immersed in the world of mathematics.
While Friedman and Cross were carefully studying Chen Zhou's paper, Chen Zhou was also seriously studying difficult mathematical problems.
After the research results of the jelly ball experiment came out, those ideas that had been temporarily shelved for so many days could finally be carried out with confidence.
After another round of hard work, Chen Zhou was surprised to find that the topic of "Linear Representation of Artin's L-Function on Galois Groups" seemed to be becoming more and more interesting.
This topic was actually proposed by Professor Artin when he was studying Galois theory.
As for the study of Galois theory, probably no one is more "persistent" than Professor Artin.
As early as 1923, Professor Artin introduced the group representation method in his study of arbitrary Galois extension L/K in number fields, and introduced the Galois extension L/K with respect to the L function representing ρ.
And Professor Artin proved a series of analytical properties of L(S,ρ).
But he could not discover the high-dimensional analogue of the Dirichlet character and the Dirichlet L-function.
Nor is it about how the high-dimensional representation of G can be reflected using the inherent characteristics of K.
Interestingly, at the same time in 1927, Professor Haken, who worked at the same school as Professor Artin, studied modular L functions.
In 1951, Weil used the theory of class fields to construct a new group, the Weil group.
Thus a new type of L function is obtained.
Professor Artin's non-Abelian L-function and Haken's L-function on modular form are both special cases of it.
As Weil put it, "It achieved the marriage of Artin and Haken."
However, Professor Haken obviously did not expect that Professor Artin would publish a book called "Galois Theory", which comprehensively discussed the Galois theory.
And it left Chen Zhou with a difficult problem that he has not yet solved.
Chen Zhou discovered that after exploring the linear representation of Artin's L function and the Artin's L function of the Galois group and other problems.
This brings us back to what Professor Langlands once said.
That is to say, studying an L function mainly consists of three parts.
They are analytical continuation, distribution of zeros and values of special points.
However, there are many things involved here.
Like general automorphic L-functions, its analytical extension is relatively easy to obtain.
But for arithmetic L-functions like Artin's L-function, this part is not so easy.
Just like the part about Weil's L function, it is exactly the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture.
As for the holomorphic analytic extension of Artin's L-function, we have to go back to the Artin conjecture.
This has become an important problem in algebraic number theory.
This is not the result Chen Zhou wanted.
However, Chen Zhou cleverly used this point to perfect the distributed deconstruction method.
It can be said to be a pleasant surprise.
Moreover, the difficult problem of "linear representation of Artin's L function of the Galois group" gradually became clear in front of Chen Zhou.
"L(S,ρ)=p∏det..."
This feeling of clarity and clarity as the clouds and mist cleared away was slowly playing out in Chen Zhou's mind and on his pen.
Of course, Chen Zhou, who had resumed his research, had also been waiting for Friedman and Cross's review comments.
It would be great if I could finish this math project before returning home for the New Year.
If it cannot be completed, Chen Zhou will not force it.
At least the rubber ball experiment problem has been solved, right ?
However, Chen Zhou would never have thought that the deadline he set for himself would coincide with the date Friedman also set for himself.
If he knew, he would probably feel differently.
At noon on January 3, Chen Zhou slowly put down his pen and was about to finish the takeaway that Yang Yiyi brought back when he saw the email message on his computer.
That’s right, after Chen Zhou started his research mode again, Yang Yiyi also started delivering takeout food again.
Chen Zhou opened the email while eating, thinking that this might be an email from Cross or Friedman.
But I didn't expect that the email sent by Cross would contain so much content.
Especially after downloading it, Chen Zhou felt quite helpless when he saw the various things listed there.
Is he reviewing his own manuscript, or is he reviewing his own manuscript?
When Chen Zhou saw in the body of the email that Cross planned to come to MIT to see him tomorrow, he was even more amused.
Could it be that he is here to stop me and solve the problem face to face?
However, thoughts are thoughts and complaints are complaints.
Chen Zhou is still very cautious about some of the very practical suggestions here.
After all, Professor Cross has many years of research experience, which is what he lacks.
But Chen Zhou just read it carefully and formed a rough idea of the changes in his mind.
However, he did not actually start to revise the paper that he had already sorted out.
He is still waiting for Friedman's review.
After the summary, he will combine the opinions of the two and make specific changes.
Besides, wasn't Cross planning on coming over?
Chen Zhou believed that Friedman would take this opportunity to find him and Cross together.
After thinking about it, Chen Zhou simply replied to Cross's email and quickly finished his lunch which was already a little cold.
Then, he plunged into the world of Galois groups and Artin's L-function again.
Probably next week, he will ask for leave from his two mentors, start his winter vacation journey, and return to China to celebrate the Spring Festival.
He has at most a week before that.
If we remove the time that may be wasted due to Kroos, there really isn't much time left to solve this problem before the Spring Festival.
Time just like that, slowly flowing away from the tip of Chen Zhou's pen as he worked hard on his research.
Three days is just a blink of an eye.
Chen Zhou was immersed in the world of mathematics and didn't notice that Cross, who said he would come to see him the next day, had not come yet.
And during these three days, he finally put into practice his ideas that were gradually becoming clearer.
3pm on January 6th.
Chen Zhou slowly put down his pen and looked at the contents on the draft paper with satisfaction.
"...consider the automorphisms of the Galois group..."
"... Gal(Q/F) where Q/F is a Galois extension..."
"Then, L(S, ρ)=n=1→∞∑λρ(n)/n^s..."
"…Therefore, we can obtain the linear representation of the Artin L function of the Galois group as L(S, ρ) =…"
Chen Zhou didn't expect that this was a problem that he didn't have a pressing need to solve.
I actually solved it myself in such a short time.
This also means that the sub-topic assigned to me by Professor Ating, one of the two major difficult problems left to the mathematics community by Professor Ating, has been solved by me!
After the rubber ball experiment project, I will be able to complete my second paper soon!
What Chen Zhou didn't expect was that Kroos didn't come over on the 4th.
But yesterday, I arrived at MIT.
The reason why I didn't come to see him was because I was called away by Friedman.
