Volume 1: Student Life Chapter 492: Absolutely brilliant!

Ten thirty in the morning.

When the time came, before Chen Zhou could say anything, the entire lecture hall fell silent.

The meeting room, which was originally a little noisy and chaotic due to the quiet discussions, was collectively silenced at this moment.

This sudden stop surprised Chen Zhou.

But it also shows from the side that everyone's attention is actually on Chen Zhou.

The PPT opened, and the projector slowly projected the two themes of this conference onto the white screen.

【Theoretical study on the peculiar quantum number glueball and the origin and mechanism of color confinement】

That’s right, the topic chosen for Chen Zhou’s lecture was exactly the paper he had submitted.

If I hadn't confirmed with Friedman that I would use this paper as my graduate thesis.

Chen Zhou has now completed a system task with this paper.

Of course, the content of Chen Zhou’s one-hour report is by no means limited to the content of this paper.

Both the paper on colloid balls that he completed years ago and the final colloid ball experiment paper written by Cross later were included in Chen Zhou's report.

He raised his head and glanced at the people sitting in the audience, and was greeted by a group of excited young people and physics experts who were observing him with great interest.

Chen Zhou opened his mouth slowly and officially started his one-hour report meeting.

"The strong interaction between particles in the nucleus is the force that holds the quarks together in the nucleus and the protons and neutrons together in the atom."

"In early 1967, SLAC's 20GeV electron linear accelerator was completed. As the energy increased, the 'deep inelastic scattering' of high-energy electrons was achieved, and it was discovered that there are countless point charges in protons, and they are basically free to move."

After saying this, Chen Zhou glanced at Friedman who was sitting in the audience. This was his masterpiece.

It is also the earliest research result achieved after the completion of the SLAC high-energy linear accelerator.

Friedman also noticed Chen Zhou's gaze.

After a moment of surprise, a smile gradually appeared on his face.

Obviously, Friedman did not expect Chen Zhou to open the lecture in this way.

Because in his opinion, Chen Zhou was a little off topic.

But this was combined with his opening speech in another way.

Chen Zhou withdrew his gaze and continued his presentation.

This is just the beginning.

"In 1969, Professor Feynman proposed the parton model, which holds that hadrons are composed of many charged point particles, which are called partons. In the process of high-energy electromagnetic interaction and weak interaction, they can be approximated as independent particles."

"By combining the parton model with the quark model, we can conclude that hadrons are composite particles formed by quarks combining through color interactions, and partons in hadrons can be composed of three types of particles. These three types of particles are valence quarks, sea quarks and gluons."

"Inside the proton, in addition to the three valence quarks, after the extremely high-energy electrons are injected, countless positive and negative quark pairs are excited, that is, sea quarks. Therefore, countless 'freely moving' point charges are seen."

"In this way, the protons seen at low energies and the protons seen at high energies are unified."

"In 1973, Professors Gross, Pollitz and Wilczyk used a perfect mathematical model to show that the closer quarks are to each other, the weaker the strong force becomes."

"When quarks are very close together, the strong force is so weak that they can behave like free particles."

"This phenomenon is what we often call 'asymptotic freedom'. Conversely, the greater the distance between quarks, the stronger the strong force."

"The discovery of 'asymptotic freedom' also directly led to the birth of a completely new theory, quantum chromodynamics."

In the audience, Professor Gross, Professor Politz and Professor Wilczek also had subtle expressions after hearing Chen Zhou's words.

These three big guys jointly won the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Their quantum chromodynamics made important contributions to the Standard Model.

And because of their discoveries, physicists are one step closer to realizing a great dream.

That is, to build a unified theory for gravity, electromagnetism, strong interaction, and weak interaction, a theory that applies to all matter.

Chen Zhou looked at the three people naturally and nodded slightly to them.

At first, Chen Zhou didn't know who would come to attend this conference of physicists.

But after arriving at the venue, he discovered that most of the physics giants, whom he had only seen in the news but had never met, were actually there.

In addition to these three big guys, there are also Professor Murray Gell-Mann, who proposed that protons and neutrons are composed of three quarks, Professor Ben Roy Mortensen, who developed the non-spherical theory of the internal structure of the atomic nucleus, and Sheldon Glashow, who is known as the "father of the standard model of particle physics", and so on.

The appearance of these bigwigs also forced Chen Zhou to temporarily change the way he opened the report meeting.

By now, many people have guessed Chen Zhou's intention.

It is thanks to the efforts of generations of physics predecessors that physics will continue to move forward.

Only then have so many amazing discoveries been made, and only then can people increasingly understand the nature of matter.

Chen Zhou used such a long introduction in order to more accurately describe the continuation of the era proposed by Friedman in his speech.

He also had another idea, which was to make it clear to the young physicists present, and even to those who were interested in scientific research.

Scientific research is never a matter of one person or one time.

This is the result of history moving forward continuously.

And everyone is a drop in the ocean of history.

"Quantum chromodynamics explains the existence of gluons, arguing that colored quarks are combined by exchanging gluons, that is, quarks and quarks, quarks and antiquarks, and antiquarks and antiquarks are combined together by gluons."

"Any particle with color charge can emit and absorb particles, thereby realizing strong interaction. Absorbing and emitting gluons can cause quarks to change color. The nuclear force in the nucleus is the residual effect of the strong interaction between quarks in the nucleus."

"We have not found the existence of free quarks and gluons in experiments. Because quarks and gluons have 'color' quantum numbers, one guess is that the colored quarks and gluons are like being trapped in an overall colorless 'cage'."

"This phenomenon, also known as the 'color confinement' phenomenon, is a problem that has not been solved and whose source and mechanism are unknown."

"Now, we can explain this phenomenon."

After this meaningful opening statement, Chen Zhou quickly turned to the next page of the PPT.

At this moment, everyone in the audience was holding their breath.

Without any pause, Chen Zhou spoke again, explaining the few words and the numerous formulas on the PPT.

Everyone's eyes were focused on the formula on the projection screen, and everyone was listening to Chen Zhou's story attentively.

Even the smallest detail, even a slightly emphasized syllable in Chen Zhou's words, were captured by them.

At this moment, everyone was on high alert.

The PPT on the projection screen was projected at a uniform speed as Chen Zhou operated it.

Chen Zhou was also speaking at a steady pace, narrating his story.

"In the past, the QCD confinement problem could not be calculated using the low-energy QCD calculation method. However, the QCD confinement problem and the low-energy QCD uncomputable problem are closely related, so we can start from this..."

Earlier, the content on the PPT and Chen Zhou’s narration might be exciting enough.

But when they got here, everyone suddenly held their breath.

Even blinking seemed extremely restrained.

Because, here will be the core solution to the entire "color confinement" problem!

Here, Chen Zhou will also fully reveal the veil of "color confinement".

On the stage, Chen Zhou's speed in switching slides became noticeably slower.

Below the stage, the physics giants sitting together had solemn expressions on their faces.

Although I had already obtained Chen Zhou's complete paper from the SLAC official website in advance.

However, in such a short time, they could only prepare for the trip while studying Chen Zhou's thesis.

In fact, there are still many doubts about the core issues.

This is also the main reason why they came to attend this conference of physicists.

"Gross, can you understand his approach?"

Wilczyk glanced at the printed manuscript in his hand and the annotations on it, and asked Gross, who was sitting next to him, in a voice that only the two of them could hear.

Gross turned and glanced at his old friend.

Wilczyk asked in confusion, "What?"

Gross then whispered back: "I don't fully understand it yet."

Wilczyk: "..."

Gross ignored his friend's expression and said hesitantly , "He, like us, brought mathematical methods to physics research..."

Wilczyk was stunned for a moment and looked up suddenly.

On the projection screen, a new mathematical model appeared on the slide that had just been switched.

Why is this a new mathematical model?

Because this is a mathematical model they have never seen before!

But this is the most core mathematical model used by Chen Zhou in this paper!

It is also because of the introduction of this mathematical model that the "color confinement" problem that has plagued us for so many years has been defeated head-on!

"Did he invent this himself?"

Wilczyk looked at the unfamiliar mathematical model on the projection screen, then looked at the content he had verified on the printout at hand, his tone full of disbelief.

"You have to ask him himself..." Gross shook his head. He didn't know where this mathematical model that suddenly appeared came from.

After a pause, Gross said with some emotion: "He is an outstanding mathematician himself. Perhaps inventing a new mathematical model is not a difficult task for him?"

Wilczyk said nothing.

At this moment, everyone in the audience was attracted by the mathematical model presented on Chen Zhou's slide.

Everyone has the same question as Wilczek and Gross: where does this mathematical model come from?

In physical research, especially theoretical research, there are countless mathematical models used.

As long as this mathematical model is logically consistent and can explain the problem clearly, then why not?

Soon, Chen Zhou on the stage gave the answer.

"This C-C model was invented by me specifically to solve the problem of 'color confinement'..."

As soon as these words were spoken, there was a commotion .

Even though they had already made these speculations, physics giants such as Wilczek and Gross still looked at Chen Zhou on the stage in amazement.

The other young physicists looked even more incredulous.

Is this the arrogance of mathematicians?

Inventing a mathematical model to solve a difficult problem in physics?

More importantly, does this mathematical model really solve the problem of "color confinement"?

Reaching out to stop the commotion in the audience, Chen Zhou continued, "The introduction of the C-C model will provide a reasonable explanation for 'color confinement' in theory. Its source is also derived from quantum chromodynamics and gauge field theory..."

After a pause, Chen Zhou glanced at the audience and chuckled, "If you are interested in gauge field theory, one of the Millennium Problems, you can start with the C-C model."

After saying this, Chen Zhou no longer paid attention to the people below the stage who were becoming even more agitated, and began to give a final explanation for the "color confinement" issue.

Chen Zhou didn't care about the people in the audience, but they were completely excited at this moment.

This is the opportunity to solve the Millennium Problem!

This is a one million dollar opportunity!

This is also a difficult problem in physics, and it cannot be said to be a study of mathematics...

On the stage, the lecture was still going on.

The emotions of the people in the audience have been completely aroused.

Many people took a more serious attitude than before and listened to Chen Zhou's story more carefully.

Finally, the solution to the "color confinement" problem came to the last slide.

The emergence of the C-C model is like the key to open a dusty door, instantly opening the long-closed door.

The world behind the door is presented to everyone in the world.

At this point, Chen Zhou had completed most of the content of the report.

The "color confinement" problem was the most thorny and difficult problem he encountered in his theoretical research on the peculiar quantum number glueball.

Otherwise, Chen Zhou would not have thought of bypassing this difficult problem and went directly for the result.

As long as the issue of "color confinement" is clarified, the rest of the content will fall into place naturally.

After taking a quick look at his watch, Chen Zhou was about to continue his presentation.

Unexpectedly, applause suddenly broke out from the audience.

Before Chen Zhou had time to see who it was, he heard the applause from dots to lines and then to the surface.

The lecture hall was filled with warm applause.

This is a recognition of his research results.

It is no exaggeration to say that it was this theoretical breakthrough that led to the discovery of the jellyball.

In addition to those well-known physics masters, the rest of the young physicists looked at Chen Zhou with excitement.

Chen Zhou accepted the applause calmly with a smile on his face.

But this is not over yet.

"Thank you, everyone. Please wait until I have finished speaking before you applaud."

Hearing Chen Zhou's words, everyone in the audience smiled kindly.

As the applause gradually died down, Chen Zhou sorted out his thoughts and began to report the final content of the meeting.

"Glueballs have always been particles predicted by quantum chromodynamics, but we have never been able to find them experimentally..."

"But this time, it's different..."

The people in the audience also stopped moving and became quiet, listening carefully to Chen Zhou's story.

Starting from the regular quantum number glueball to the strange quantum number glueball.

Chen Zhou gave a complete discussion of his theoretical research on rubber balls.

Including innovations in detection methods in glueball experiments, selection of detectors, and more possibilities in the future.

Chen Zhou did not keep anything to himself but told it all.

The prosperity and development of physics could not have depended on him alone.

Of course, he would not pin all these ideas on others.

But unlike Chen Zhou’s idea, Chen Zhou really thinks that these are things that accumulate over time.

If it weren't for the "color confinement" issue, he would have come to these conclusions quickly.

But everyone in the audience was amazed at Chen Zhou's almost accurate physics intuition.

They all have a question?

How did he know to go in this direction?

How does he know that he should explore deeper into this energy range?

Even though they had already heard about Chen Zhou's research methods.

But they don’t believe that someone who can produce such research results in such a short period of time would rely solely on the review of literature?

However, they couldn't think of any more reasons.

It can only be attributed to Chen Zhou's talent in physics.

Time passed slowly, and Chen Zhou led everyone to go through the journey from theory to experiment.

Finally, Chen Zhou turned to the last page of the slides.

This report meeting has come to an end.

At this time, the time was exactly 11:30.

"…Thus, we discovered the glueball that had been hiding in quantum chromodynamics all along!"

Chen Zhou's voice was not very loud.

But it seems to have an unquestionable magical power.

At the moment the sound fell.

Friedman, Gross, Pollitz, Wilczek, Murray Gell-Mann, Ben Roy Mortensen, Sheldon Glashow, Witten, etc., etc., etc.

These successful bigwigs in the field of physics all stood up and took the lead in applauding Chen Zhou.